bangkok chicken vaccine

Outbreaks of bird flu disease is admittedly a very heavy blow to the agriculture sector, poultry industry, and international trade in the region affected. However, there are actually more afraid of public health side, the human bird flu pandemic that might have an impact far wider and more severe in the economic, social, and political.


Much broader impact that humans will probably bird flu pandemic that is society, health side of fear is real, however, affected. international area of the poultry trade, agriculture industry, the sector is indeed a blow for the highly recognized need>

INFECTION highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by H5N1 influenza virus and commonly known as bird flu in poultry in fact no longer a potential pandemic, but it really has become pandemic in 2004 which is widespread in Asia, from Japan, Korea, China in the north, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, to Indonesia in the south.

Tens of millions of poultry died or were destroyed. The health sector is concerned with the reality of human casualties due to the same virus.

Concerns the emergence of a human pandemic pandemic based on the experience of SARS two years ago led to the ASEAN member countries along with Japan, Korea, and China come together and develop efforts in the ASEAN forum 3 on Avian Flu program with the World Health Organization (WHO).

Basically, in the field of public health the most important is how to prevent the H5N1 virus is not contagious to humans, let alone lead to death.

Until last March, no less than 57 cases of bird flu that infect humans reported with very high mortality rate, around 69 percent.

Unlike SARS, which caused many deaths in elderly patients, the bird flu cause mortality was highest in the age group under 15 years old.

Although the incidence of transmission from poultry to humans has not come to a very large scale, but since 2003 the H5N1 influenza virus has caused human casualties and consistently on the more frequent occurrence.

For example, H5N1 was first casualties in Hong Kong in 1997 with the victims of 18 people and one of them died. In 2003, the H5N1 virus re-attack the Hong Kong and Guangdong with each causing one death.

Furthermore, the virus attacked Vietnam and Thailand with the number of cases 34 and 23 of them died. In mid-2004 Vietnam H5N1 struck again with three cases all died and Thailand one case ended with the death. Recently H5N1 infection in humans was detected in Cambodia.

These cases are cases that have been proven in laboratory and in the body have been found with H5N1 influenza viruses that cause disease and death. The number of cases is actually much larger than those found for clinical disease is very similar to ordinary flu. Until now there is no evidence of transmission of H5N1 from human to human, but already there are cases that died and it was unclear whether they had contact with infected poultry.

It raises concerns about the occurrence of new transmission mode, no longer from birds to humans, but from human to human, as occurred in the pandemic virus of SARS two years ago.

All this has been noted that the avian influenza virus capable of killing human beings are not only from the H5N1 strain, for example, H7N7 influenza virus that caused the death of a veterinarian in the Netherlands in 2003 and H7N2 influenza viruses that cause pneumonia in a patient with HIV in New York . However, H5N1 is a virus that is feared could lead to the most worthy of a human influenza pandemic and the H5N1 virus is now endemic in poultry farms us. An exciting news that H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Indonesia last year was not of a kind that can spread to humans.

However, whether it will remain so forever? Given the changing dynamics of the genetic nature and behavior of the influenza virus so far, it seems we should be more vigilant about the possibility of malignant changes in the H5N1 influenza virus and should be looked at as a threat outbreaks.

"Genetic reassortment"

Fear of contracting the H5N1 virus in humans not only by eating poultry meat or eggs per se, because actually if meat or poultry eggs are cooked properly, it will not transmit the influenza virus.

However, the large scale of the most feared is the occurrence of genetic changes in the nature of the virus, commonly called genetic reassortment.

H5N1 influenza virus was initially expected to spread through wild birds that periodically migrate each season changes. The virus then spread to poultry farms. At first the virus was only able to infect and cause death within a short time on a large number of poultry. In fact the virus is then also able to infect pigs and other animals. The proximity between humans and poultry is one of the factors that lead to genetic reassortment.

Change is given the ability of H5N1 to penetrate human cells and cause pain and damage to the respiratory system and in severe cases lead to death.

More and more people are associated with sick birds, the greater the likelihood of genetic reassortment. All understand that the bird flu is a disease that can cross boundaries (transboundary disease). Potential pandemic in the region is largely determined by regional cooperation in areas that have the potential outbreak. Chain pandemic is likely to start from the weak link in the places where the possibility of genetic reassortment highest, namely in the areas where most poor biosecurity practices.

All have realized that one way to prevent genetic reassortment is to improve biosecurity. Therefore, biosecurity on poultry farms would have to be tightened.

Biosecurity means not only inject drugs to prevent infection and equip the workers of poultry and animal health officers and health workers with protective equipment physical form of gloves, N95 masks, boots, protective clothing, goggles, etc., but also change attitudes and behavior of farmers poultry biosecurity of eligibility itself. Including awareness to provide influenza vaccinations to those who have high risk, as recommended by WHO. Biosecurity in poultry farms in Indonesia just a little done or if there is an incomplete.

Influenza vaccine for humans may still be too expensive for our poultry farmers. For the broader goals, subsidies made it possible? And what about the status of vaccinations for poultry that are still healthy? Indonesia has been able to produce influenza vaccine for poultry by using strains of the H5N1 virus that attacks poultry last year as the base material and the vaccine has given it to millions of poultry in different regions. Controversy about the benefits and harm of vaccination for healthy birds that are still actually has emerged.

At one session in the framework of ASEAN 3rd Ministerial Meeting on Avian Flu was revealed that only two countries that do vaccination in poultry with a vaccine developed its own in order to prevent the spread of bird flu outbreaks in poultry.

The country is China and Indonesia. The Thai government strictly prohibits the vaccination of poultry. Vaccination of poultry is also not supported by WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as well as the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE), the regional leaders attending the third session of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Avian Flu and provide comments on the subject. Why?

Because vaccination of poultry is feared it will trigger a genetic reassortment that occurs in the body's own poultry through interaction between the injected vaccine and the influenza virus that infects. Vaccination in poultry is meant to give an opportunity emergence of new influenza strain easily transmitted to humans and may lead to new strains capable of transmission from human to human. If that happens, then the large outbreaks like SARS pandemic inevitable difficult.

Cross-sector

On many occasions, both at the ASEAN forum 3 or in bilateral meetings, always emphasized the importance of cross-sector cooperation public health (public health) and animal health (animal health) in an effort to prevent bird flu pandemic.

Although in fact already sharing information between public health and animal health in the bird flu epidemic, until recently the preparation of policies in both areas were still not implemented in an integrated not only in Indonesia but in many other countries.

In the forum of ASEAN 3 has strived to bring together policy makers in the field of animal husbandry and animal health in general is under the Ministry of Agriculture with policy makers in the field of public health which is under the Ministry of Health or the Ministry of Public Health. Perspective of prevention and control outbreaks of bird flu in humans absolutely require cross-sector cooperation ties between sectors of animal health and public health, including the handling of cases at the hospital.

In order to meeting the Minister of Health and Senior Officials Meeting in the framework of the ASEAN 3 on Avian Flu in Bangkok, November 2004, has discussed the five key control bird flu in humans, namely:

1. Control of outbreaks in poultry and preventing new infections is a fundamental duty and function of animal health, including increased biosecurity practices.

2. Protection of infection for high risk groups require cooperation between animal health and public health, among others, by improving biosecurity and vaccination in high risk groups, such as poultry farmers, animal health workers, as well as community health workers, and health workers in hospitals.

3. Investigation of disease (disease surveillance) is a fundamental duty and function of both animal health and public health and should be implemented in the case of bird flu in an integrated manner.

4. Communication, information and education in a transparent society that must be implemented either by a group of animal health and public health.

5. Administration of human bird flu cases in the hospital, including isolation of cases, diagnosis, and treatment and infection control in hospitals, is a fundamental duty and function of public health and hospital services referral.

To prevent and control outbreaks of bird flu in humans, the five keys that must be carried out together, synchronized, and with mu>