Wild chicken indonesia

Jungle fowl is the common name for the types of wild chickens that live in the forest. In the Java language is called by the name of chicken base, in the language of Madura ajem base, and in English junglefowl, all referring to the place of the wild life and nature.

These chickens in terms of body shape and behavior are very similar to domesticated chickens, because that is the ancestor of domesticated chickens. Males with different female body shape, color and size (sexual dimorphism, sexual dimorphism). Male pheasant feathers are colorful and beautiful, unlike the chicken females who tend to monotonous and dull colored.
Table of contents
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1 Various types and Deployment
2 Habits
3 Domestication
4 Chicken forests in the Tale

[Edit] Various types and Deployment

Altogether, there are four species of jungle fowl that has spread from India, Sri Lanka to Southeast Asia including the islands of the archipelago. All four species are:

Chicken-red forest, Gallus Gallus
Chicken-forest of Sri Lanka, Gallus lafayetii
Chicken-gray forest, Gallus sonneratii
Chicken-green forests, Gallus varius

Two species found in Indonesia, the natural spread mainly in the west of the archipelago. Both types are its chicken-red forest, which is like the forest that is relatively closed, and chicken-green forest, which prefer open forests and hilly areas.

Red jungle fowl is the ancestor of domesticated chickens, while the F1 offspring of crosses between red jungle fowl and chicken to produce chicken bekisar green forest.
[Edit] Habits

Partridge is eating everything, although it tends as grain eaters. However, as chickens generally, partridge also eat the tops of grass, insects and other small animals he encountered.

These birds usually live in pairs or in small groups. Sleeping on a shrub or bush twigs, not too far from the ground. In spawning season, females make a simple nest on the ground and incubate their eggs until they hatch. Partridge children cared for by parent females.

Unlike fowl, partridge fly smart, not long after leaving the nest where they hatch.
[Edit] Domestication

Partridge is one type of poultry that have been domesticated humans since thousands of years ago. Chicken-red forest known as the direct ancestors of the various types of fowl. While the chicken cross the forest-green with chicken producing bekisar fowl, which is very popular in East Java because kokoknya a melodious voice and beautiful fur.
[Edit] Chicken forest in fairy tales

Some traditional folklore show partridge as one of its characters. Like the folklore of the region Ciung Vanara Sundanese, or Javanese version called Panji Laras aka Cinde Laras, tells the main character who has the rooster or pheasant males who are good at fighting and crowed.

And it's not crowing kokoknya usual, but contains a story about the fate of his master. For example, a rooster crowing Ciung Vanara reads:

Blak! Blak! kukuruyuuuuk
"Daddy King bundapun queen!
Content of one year old!
Paraji mother queen!
Although sweet but honey! "

By night the eyes closed!
By night the ear is closed!
His hands shackled!
When born in kandaga drift!
Together with an egg ... !

Indonesian local chicken from species of red jungle fowl (Gallus Gallus) was an ancestor of the chicken world. However, so far the gene trail of red jungle fowl still be traced to make sure.

Type of partridge in the world there are four species. Two species of which are in Indonesia, namely the red jungle fowl and green. Red jungle fowl is one type of partridge that has been domesticated in Indonesia. Spread chicken with dominant black coat color and red is in the forests of Sumatra and Java.

Apart from the red jungle fowl, in Indonesia also has one kind of green pheasant. Chicken green forest which is often known as the forest reaches its spread bekisar Nusa Tenggara, Flores, and also forests in Java. LIPI research team conducted research by analyzing the DNA of these local chickens since 2005.

Although not yet be concluded that the Indonesian jungle fowl Gallus Gallus species is one of the ancestors of the chicken world, but it is very potential. For if viewed from spreading, red jungle fowl were spread from Indonesia through to Madagascar. Any unique distribution process directly without going through the coastal ocean crossing.

But until now no studies that confirm this. For that, LIPI research team then took blood samples of local pheasant and chicken to be researched and analyzed by DNA sekuencing method.

DNA sekuencing method is not very popular used to analyze the type of animal genes. So far, DNA analysis is used for the police to handle criminal cases or the medical community.

Lead researcher Sri Sulandari declare local Indonesian chicken incoming merahternyata partridge species dominate one ancestor gene type in the world. Indonesia turned out to be one chicken domestika center of the world, besides India and China.

"Our results refute the previous assumption that the center of domestication of the red jungle fowl in Thailand. However it should be done further research to conclude whether the ancestors of Gallus Gallus is located in Indonesia," he said.

Because the fossil was found in old Chinese chicken in 6,000 BC and 2,000 BC India. Meanwhile, local chicken, Indonesia is still unknown. In fact, there has been an allegation that the domestication of the red jungle fowl from Southeast Asia, especially from Thailand.

For that Indonesian research team tested at 15 locations ranch. Start type chickens from Kedu County Waterford, Nunukan chicken, and other types of local chickens. Based on the assumption so far, thought to total strain or species of local chickens in Indonesia there are as many as 31 species.

Then the 484 blood samples taken from chickens Cemani, Cotton, Pelung, Arabian Golden, Merawang, Arabic Siver, Kedu, Kedu White, Kate, crow, Sentul, village Tolaki, Kalosi, Nunukan. As for partridge taken 45 blood samples, to Gallus Gallus species collected from Sulawesi, and Yogyakarta, and Gallus varius collected from Yogyakarta, Jember, Flores, Sumbawa.

"Each individual sample we take blood samples in the analysis, isolation or extraction of DNA, then calculating the concentration and purity of DNA, electrophoresis and visualization of DNA and PCR analysis and sekuencing. Based on the analysis there are approximately 480 different sequences," he said.

With reference to the data base of existing world kinds of chickens at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Naerobi, Kenya, then the researchers began to classify the types of genes. ILRI itself has classified species group chicken world into six groups (clade).

Based on the analysis, it was the dominant local Indonesian chicken or approximately 70 percent in one group type chickens in the world. However these results are not yet included in databases owned by ILRI.

"In 2005 ILRI conducted research Naerobi of 824 samples form the grouping. We tried to examine whether using the same methods can be compared," he said.

However, it was not enough. To analyze the DNA itself also needs animal forensic expertise. "Until now we do not have a forensic DNA expert for the animal. Hopefully we will soon have the experts," he said.

That's what makes the search team to the presence of traces of chicken LIPI Indonesian forests in the world a little choked up. Moreover, a need to encourage cooperation with international agencies to find out how the position of local chickens Indonesia.